Parasites such as fleas and worms are common in pets year-round and can cause anything from minor irritation to serious health problems. Understanding how to prevent and treat infestations is essential for both pet and household health.
Fleas
Fleas are external parasites that feed on blood, causing itching, skin irritation, and, in some pets, allergic reactions. They can also transmit tapeworm eggs and other infections.
Fleas are one of the most common parasites seen in dogs and cats, and they can quickly make your pet — and your home — uncomfortable. Even a single flea can lay dozens of eggs a day, so once they’re present, infestations can build fast. The good news is that with the right prevention and consistent treatment, fleas are very manageable.
Effective flea control involves regularly treating both your pet and their environment, and choosing products that are safe, reliable, and suited to your pet’s age, weight, and health needs.
Points to remember:
- Indoor pets can still contract fleas, as they can be brought in on clothing or other animals
- Year-round flea control is recommended for cats, even if they appear unaffected
- Dogs with health conditions may require regular flea treatment, while healthy, short-haired dogs may need less frequent control. Speak with a vet to determine what is right for your pet.
- Prescription flea products from veterinary professionals are preferred as they treat eggs, larvae, and adults, providing more effective control than some over-the-counter products
Roundworms
Roundworms live in the intestines and are often transmitted through rodents or contaminated environments. While usually asymptomatic in healthy pets, heavy infestations can cause digestive issues, abdominal pain, or visible worms in the stool.
- Regular treatment every 3–4 months is recommended for both animal and public health
- Roundworms can be zoonotic, particularly affecting small children
Dog Lungworm
Lungworm infections have become more common and can be severe or fatal, particularly in young dogs.
- Transmitted via slugs and snails
- Routine wormers do not prevent lungworm; high-risk animals should receive monthly preventive treatment
Tapeworm
Tapeworms live in the intestines and shed segments in the stool.
- Dogs eating carcasses or hunting outdoors are particularly at risk
- Routine worming may not be effective; specific tapeworm treatments are needed
- Certain tapeworm species can also infect humans, making prevention important
Sustainability and Responsible Use
While parasite protection is essential for your pet’s health, it’s also important to consider the wider environmental impact of certain treatments. Using products thoughtfully helps protect both your pet and the ecosystems around us. Here are a few things to keep in mind:
- Some parasite treatments can enter waterways, affecting the environment
- Overuse may promote resistance, similar to issues seen in livestock
- Avoid spot-on products if pets are bathed or swim frequently
- Discuss with a veterinary professional to weigh the risks and benefits of regular treatment
- Testing for worm eggs can guide treatment, particularly for roundworms
Final Thoughts
Staying on top of flea, tick, and worm protection is one of the simplest ways to keep pets healthy, comfortable, and safe. With so many products, schedules, and lifestyle factors to consider, it’s completely normal to have questions about what’s right for your individual pet.
A tailored approach is always best. Speaking with a veterinary professional can help you choose treatments that protect effectively, suit your pet’s routine, and align with your preferences — whether that’s year-round prevention, targeted treatment, or a more sustainable strategy.
By keeping informed and proactive, you’ll ensure your pet stays protected from pests all year round, while giving yourself peace of mind.
Vet author: Dr Carole Parsons
BVSc CertAVP(VetGP) MRCVS
Written by a veterinary surgeon in collaboration with PawSquad. Carole was a veterinary surgeon in general practice for 20 years before leaving to set up PetTherapy Veterinary Acupuncture to serve the pets of the East Midlands with an accessible service for pain and chronic illness relief. She holds a certificate in General Practice and is working towards a qualification in Integrated Veterinary Medicine, using modalities that complement conventional medical approaches to her patients’ conditions.